Set out the three types of deviation according to Leech (1985)

Set out the three types of deviation according to Leech (1985), illustrating each with examples from literary texts. You can reuse examples from Leech (1985) or other sources

Set out the three types of deviation according to Leech (1985)

Pick one of the following and answer it.

The length should be about 5 standard typed pages, where a standard UiO page consists of 2,300 characters, so around 11,500 characters overall.

The questions generally ask you to do three things:
Describe some stylistic or linguistic theory or theories

Use examples to illustrate your description (except question 2)

Apply the theory to a literary text or data from literary texts

I encourage you to work with other students in discussing your ideas and in getting feedback from each other on what you plan to do, and on drafts of your work.
But you must write your paper yourself.

Remember to use correct conventions for referencing and quotes.

Please put the total number of words (not counting the bibliography) at the top of the paper.

1. Set out the three types of deviation according to Leech (1985), illustrating each with examples from literary texts. You can reuse examples from Leech (1985) or other sources, but at least one example of each form of deviation must be one you have found for yourself in a literary text.
Then provide a stylistic analysis in terms of deviation of one of the passages provided in the written assignment module  – the passage from the beginning of Emma, the passage from The Old Man and the Sea – or of a comparable passage from another literary work (if you go for this option please check the passage with me before you start work).

2. Compare the methodologies for using linguistics in the study of literature sketched out by Chapman (1982) and Leech (1985). Comment on similarities and differences, and for at least some points say whether you agree and why/why not.
Then choose a short passage from a literary text and illustrate the similarities and differences between Chapman and Leech’s recommendations by sketching out how they would play out in analyzing it.

3. Describe: direct speech, indirect speech, free direct speech and free indirect speech (FIS), giving examples, including some you have found for yourself in literary texts.

Then either:

(a) analyse the speech presentation in the extract from Emma that we looked at in seminar 3 (and which is in the written assignment module)
or
(b) explain the debate over whether the criteria for FIS are syntactic or semantic. (See Leech and Short, 2007, chapter 10)
or
(c) explain what deixis / deictic words are, and then discuss what happens to them in indirect speech, using examples that you have found for yourself in a literary text or texts.

4. Set out how Grice’s theory of conversation explains the production of implicatures, illustrating with examples, then take a short extract that includes dialogue from a novel, a play or a film script and discuss examples of implicatures that are conveyed by what characters say. What are the conversational implicatures produced? And what maxim or maxims explain each one?

5. Set out Grice’s theory of verbal irony and Wilson and Sperber’s account, and compare them, illustrating with examples from literary texts. Then analyse verbal irony in a passage from a literary text using one of the theories.

6. Propose your own question to me. Don’t start work on it until I’ve said it’s ok!

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